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📢【新聞標題】
Privacy Advocates Alarmed by New Anti-Revenge Porn Law's Free Speech Implications
隱私權倡議者對新的反復仇色情法案的言論自由影響感到震驚
📰【摘要】
Privacy and digital rights advocates are raising alarms over a law that many would expect them to cheer: a federal crackdown on revenge porn and AI-generated deepfakes. The newly signed Take It Down Act makes it illegal to publish nonconsensual explicit images — real or AI-generated — and gives platforms just 48 hours to comply with a victim’s takedown request or face liability. While widely praised as a long-overdue win for victims, experts have also warned its vague language, lax standards for verifying claims, and tight compliance window could pave the way for overreach, censorship of legitimate content, and even surveillance.
隱私和數位權利倡議者對一項本應受到他們歡迎的法律敲響了警鐘：一項聯邦政府打擊復仇式色情和人工智慧生成的深度偽造的法案。新簽署的《下架法案》規定，發布未經同意的露骨圖片（無論是真實的還是人工智慧生成的）都是非法的，並給予平台僅 48 小時的時間來遵守受害者的下架請求，否則將承擔責任。雖然該法案被廣泛譽為受害者期待已久的勝利，但專家也警告說，其模糊的語言、寬鬆的索賠驗證標準和嚴格的合規期限可能會為過度干預、審查合法內容甚至監視鋪平道路。
🗝️【關鍵詞彙表】
📝 Nonconsensual (adj.)
- 未經同意的
- 例句: The newly signed Take It Down Act makes it illegal to publish nonconsensual explicit images.
- 翻譯: 新簽署的《下架法案》規定，發布未經同意的露骨圖片是非法的。
📝 Deepfakes (n.)
- 深度偽造
- 例句: a federal crackdown on revenge porn and AI-generated deepfakes.
- 翻譯: 聯邦政府打擊復仇式色情和人工智慧生成的深度偽造。
📝 Liability (n.)
- 責任、義務
- 例句: Platforms face liability if they don't comply with a victim’s takedown request.
- 翻譯: 如果平台不遵守受害者的下架請求，將承擔責任。
📝 Overreach (n.)
- 過度擴張、過度干預
- 例句: The vague language could pave the way for overreach.
- 翻譯: 模糊的語言可能會為過度干預鋪平道路。
📝 Censorship (n.)
- 審查
- 例句: Experts warned it could pave the way for censorship of legitimate content.
- 翻譯: 專家警告說，這可能會為審查合法內容鋪平道路。
📝 Disseminated (adj.)
- 散布的、傳播的
- 例句: Platforms will start moderating content before it’s disseminated.
- 翻譯: 平台將在內容散布之前開始審核。
📝 Incentivize (v.)
- 激勵、鼓勵
- 例句: This could incentivize proactive scanning of all content.
- 翻譯: 這可能會鼓勵主動掃描所有內容。
✍️【文法與句型】
📝 Raising alarms over...
- 說明: Expressing concern or warning about something.
- 翻譯: 對...敲響警鐘，表示對某事物的擔憂或警告。
- 例句: Privacy and digital rights advocates are raising alarms over a law.
- 翻譯: 隱私和數位權利倡議者正在對一項法律敲響警鐘。
📝 Pave the way for...
- 說明: Creating the conditions for something to happen.
- 翻譯: 為...鋪平道路，為某事發生創造條件。
- 例句: Its vague language could pave the way for overreach.
- 翻譯: 其模糊的語言可能會為過度干預鋪平道路。
📝 Lean towards...
- 說明: To tend to favor one option over others.
- 翻譯: 傾向於...，表示傾向於選擇某個選項而不是其他選項。
- 例句: Mastodon told TechCrunch it would lean towards removal if it was too difficult to verify the victim.
- 翻譯: Mastodon 告訴 TechCrunch，如果難以驗證受害者身份，它將傾向於移除內容。
📖【全文與翻譯】
Privacy and digital rights advocates are raising alarms over a law that many would expect them to cheer: a federal crackdown on revenge porn and AI-generated deepfakes.
隱私權和數位權利倡議者對一項本應受到他們歡迎的法律敲響了警鐘：一項聯邦政府打擊復仇式色情和人工智慧生成的深度偽造的法案。
The newly signed Take It Down Act makes it illegal to publish nonconsensual explicit images — real or AI-generated — and gives platforms just 48 hours to comply with a victim’s takedown request or face liability.
新簽署的《下架法案》規定，發布未經同意的露骨圖片（無論是真實的還是人工智慧生成的）都是非法的，並給予平台僅 48 小時的時間來遵守受害者的下架請求，否則將承擔責任。
While widely praised as a long-overdue win for victims, experts have also warned its vague language, lax standards for verifying claims, and tight compliance window could pave the way for overreach, censorship of legitimate content, and even surveillance.
雖然該法案被廣泛譽為受害者期待已久的勝利，但專家也警告說，其模糊的語言、寬鬆的索賠驗證標準和嚴格的合規期限可能會為過度干預、審查合法內容甚至監視鋪平道路。
“Content moderation at scale is widely problematic and always ends up with important and necessary speech being censored,” India McKinney, director of federal affairs at Electronic Frontier Foundation, a digital rights organization, told TechCrunch.
電子前哨基金會 (一家數位權利組織) 的聯邦事務主任 India McKinney 告訴 TechCrunch：「大規模的內容審核存在廣泛的問題，並且總是導致重要且必要的言論被審查。」
Online platforms have one year to establish a process for removing nonconsensual intimate imagery (NCII).
線上平台有一年的時間來建立一個移除未經同意的私密圖片 (NCII) 的流程。
While the law requires takedown requests come from victims or their representatives, it only asks for a physical or electronic signature — no photo ID or other form of verification is needed.
雖然法律要求下架請求來自受害者或其代表，但它僅要求提供物理或電子簽名 - 不需要照片身份證或其他形式的驗證。
That likely aims to reduce barriers for victims, but it could create an opportunity for abuse.
這可能旨在減少受害者的障礙，但它可能會創造濫用的機會。
“I really want to be wrong about this, but I think there are going to be more requests to take down images depicting queer and trans people in relationships, and even more than that, I think it’s gonna be consensual porn,” McKinney said.
McKinney 說：「我真的很希望我是錯的，但我認為會有更多要求下架描繪同性戀和跨性別者戀愛關係的圖片，甚至更多的是，我認為這將是合意的色情內容。」
Senator Marsha Blackburn (R-TN), a co-sponsor of the Take It Down Act, also sponsored the Kids Online Safety Act which puts the onus on platforms to protect children from harmful content online.
《下架法案》的共同發起人參議員瑪莎·布萊克本 (R-TN) 也發起了《兒童線上安全法案》，該法案將保護兒童免受線上有害內容的責任放在平台上。
Blackburn has said she believes content related to transgender people is harmful to kids.
布萊克本曾表示，她認為與跨性別者相關的內容對兒童有害。
Similarly, the Heritage Foundation — the conservative think tank behind Project 2025 — has also said that “keeping trans content away from children is protecting kids.”
同樣，「傳統基金會」（Project 2025 背後的保守派智庫）也表示，「讓兒童遠離跨性別內容是在保護兒童。」
Because of the liability that platforms face if they don’t take down an image within 48 hours of receiving a request, “the default is going to be that they just take it down without doing any investigation to see if this actually is NCII or if it’s another type of protected speech, or if it’s even relevant to the person who’s making the request,” said McKinney.
McKinney 說：「由於平台如果未能在收到請求後 48 小時內下架圖片，將面臨責任，因此「預設情況是他們直接下架，而不進行任何調查以查看這是否真的是 NCII，還是另一種受保護的言論，或者甚至與提出請求的人相關」。
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Snapchat and Meta have both said they are supportive of the law, but neither responded to TechCrunch’s requests for more information about how they’ll verify whether the person requesting a takedown is a victim.
Snapchat 和 Meta 都表示支持該法律，但兩者均未回應 TechCrunch 關於它們將如何驗證請求下架的人是否為受害者的更多資訊請求。
Mastodon, a decentralized platform that hosts its own flagship server that others can join, told TechCrunch it would lean towards removal if it was too difficult to verify the victim.
Mastodon 是一個去中心化平台，託管自己的旗艦伺服器供其他人加入，它告訴 TechCrunch，如果太難驗證受害者身份，它將傾向於移除內容。
Mastodon and other decentralized platforms like Bluesky or Pixelfed may be especially vulnerable to the chilling effect of the 48-hour takedown rule.
Mastodon 和其他去中心化平台 (如 Bluesky 或 Pixelfed) 可能特別容易受到 48 小時下架規則的寒蟬效應影響。
These networks rely on independently operated servers, often run by nonprofits or individuals.
這些網路依賴於獨立運營的伺服器，通常由非營利組織或個人運營。
Under the law, the FTC can treat any platform that doesn’t “reasonably comply” with takedown demands as committing an “unfair or deceptive act or practice” – even if the host isn’t a commercial entity.
根據該法律，如果任何平台沒有「合理遵守」下架要求，FTC 可以將其視為犯有「不公平或欺騙行為」，即使託管者不是商業實體。
“This is troubling on its face, but it is particularly so at a moment when the chair of the FTC has taken unprecedented steps to politicize the agency and has explicitly promised to use the power of the agency to punish platforms and services on an ideological, as opposed to principled, basis,” the Cyber Civil Rights Initiative, a nonprofit dedicated to ending revenge porn, said in a statement.
「這表面上令人不安，但更令人不安的是，在 FTC 主席採取前所未有的措施將該機構政治化，並明確承諾將利用該機構的權力基於意識形態而非原則來懲罰平台和服務之際，」致力於終結復仇式色情的非營利組織「網路公民權利倡議」在一份聲明中表示。
PROACTIVE MONITORINGMcKinney predicts that platforms will start moderating content before it’s disseminated so they have fewer problematic posts to take down in the future.
McKinney 預測，平台將在內容傳播之前開始審核，以便將來減少需要下架的問題貼文。
Platforms are already using AI to monitor for harmful content.
平台已經在使用人工智慧來監控有害內容。
Kevin Guo, CEO and co-founder of AI-generated content detection startup Hive, said his company works with online platforms to detect deepfakes and child sexual abuse material (CSAM).
人工智慧生成內容檢測新創公司 Hive 的執行長兼聯合創辦人 Kevin Guo 表示，他的公司與線上平台合作以檢測深度偽造和兒童性虐待材料 (CSAM)。
Some of Hive’s customers include Reddit, Giphy, Vevo, Bluesky, and BeReal.
Hive 的一些客戶包括 Reddit、Giphy、Vevo、Bluesky 和 BeReal。
“We were actually one of the tech companies that endorsed that bill,” Guo told TechCrunch. “It’ll help solve some pretty important problems and compel these platforms to adopt solutions more proactively.”
Guo 告訴 TechCrunch：「我們實際上是支持該法案的科技公司之一。「它將有助於解決一些非常重要的問題，並迫使這些平台更主動地採用解決方案。」
Hive’s model is a software-as-a-service, so the startup doesn’t control how platforms use its product to flag or remove content.
Hive 的模型是一種軟體即服務，因此該新創公司無法控制平台如何使用其產品來標記或移除內容。
But Guo said many clients insert Hive’s API at the point of upload to monitor before anything is sent out to the community.
但 Guo 說，許多客戶在上傳時插入 Hive 的 API，以便在將任何內容發送給社群之前進行監控。
A Reddit spokesperson told TechCrunch the platform uses “sophisticated internal tools, processes, and teams to address and remove” NCII.
Reddit 發言人告訴 TechCrunch，該平台使用「精密的內部工具、流程和團隊來處理和移除」NCII。
Reddit also partners with nonprofit SWGfl to deploy its StopNCII tool, which scans live traffic for matches against a database of known NCII and removes accurate matches.
Reddit 還與非營利組織 SWGfl 合作部署其 StopNCII 工具，該工具掃描即時流量，以查找與已知 NCII 資料庫的匹配項，並移除準確的匹配項。
The company did not share how it would ensure the person requesting the takedown is the victim.
該公司沒有分享它將如何確保請求下架的人是受害者。
McKinney warns this kind of monitoring could extend into encrypted messages in the future.
McKinney 警告說，這種監控未來可能會擴展到加密訊息中。
While the law focuses on public or semi-public dissemination, it also requires platforms to “remove and make reasonable efforts to prevent the re-upload” of nonconsensual intimate images.
雖然該法律側重於公開或半公開傳播，但它也要求平台「移除並做出合理的努力以防止重新上傳」未經同意的私密圖片。
She argues this could incentivize proactive scanning of all content, even in encrypted spaces.
她認為這可能會鼓勵主動掃描所有內容，即使在加密空間中也是如此。
The law doesn’t include any carve outs for end-to-end encrypted messaging services like WhatsApp, Signal, or iMessage.
該法律不包括 WhatsApp、Signal 或 iMessage 等端到端加密訊息傳輸服務的任何例外情況。
Meta, Signal, and Apple have not responded to TechCrunch’s request for more information on their plans for encrypted messaging.
Meta、Signal 和 Apple 尚未回應 TechCrunch 關於其加密訊息傳輸計劃的更多資訊請求。
BROADER FREE SPEECH IMPLICATIONSOn March 4, Trump delivered a joint address to Congress in which he praised the Take It Down Act and said he looked forward to signing it into law.
更廣泛的言論自由影響3 月 4 日，川普在對國會發表的聯合演講中讚揚了《下架法案》，並表示他期待將其簽署為法律。
“And I’m going to use that bill for myself, too, if you don’t mind,” he added.“There’s nobody who gets treated worse than I do online.”
他補充說：「如果你不介意，我也會為自己使用該法案。「沒有人在網上受到比我更糟糕的待遇了。」
While the audience laughed at the comment, not everyone took it as a joke.
雖然聽眾對此評論一笑置之，但並非所有人都認為這是一個玩笑。
Trump hasn’t been shy about suppressing or retaliating against unfavorable speech, whether that’s labeling mainstream media outlets “enemies of the people,” barring The Associated Press from the Oval Office despite a court order, or pulling funding from NPR and PBS.
川普毫不掩飾地壓制或報復不利的言論，無論是將主流媒體機構標籤為「人民的敵人」，無視法院命令禁止美聯社進入橢圓形辦公室，還是削減 NPR 和 PBS 的資金。
On Thursday, the Trump administration barred Harvard University from accepting foreign student admissions, escalating a conflict that began after Harvard refused to adhere to Trump’s demands that it make changes to its curriculum and eliminate DEI-related content, among other things.
週四，川普政府禁止哈佛大學招收外國學生，這加劇了一場衝突，該衝突始於哈佛拒絕遵守川普的要求，即修改其課程並取消與 DEI 相關的內容等。
Inretaliation, Trump has frozen federal funding to Harvard and threatened to revoke the university’s tax-exempt status.
作為報復，川普凍結了對哈佛的聯邦資金，並威脅要撤銷該大學的免稅地位。
“At a time when we’re already seeing school boards try to ban books and we’re seeing certain politicians be very explicitly about the types of content they don’t want people to ever see, whether it’s critical race theory or abortion information or information about climate change…it is deeply uncomfortable for us with our past work on content moderation to see members of both parties openly advocating for content moderation at this scale,” McKinney said.
McKinney 說：「在我們已經看到學校董事會試圖禁止書籍，並且我們看到某些政客非常明確地表達他們不希望人們看到的內容類型，無論是批判性種族理論、墮胎資訊還是氣候變遷資訊......對於我們過去在內容審核方面的工作來說，看到兩黨成員公開倡導如此大規模的內容審核，我們感到非常不舒服。」
🔗【資料來源】
文章連結：<無>